Thursday 22 December 2016

To Kill A Mockingbird, Harper Lee

Awesome Read! 

In To Kill A MockingbirdLee discusses a lot of issues - gender disparity, class distinction, race division, capital punishment, rape, The Great Depression, and ethics and morality - as viewed from the perspective of the young girl, Scout. TKAM is one of the best fictional novels I have ever read.

To spice things up, I gave my own titles to each chapter in the book.

Part I Part II
Chapter 1 - Radley Opening Chapter 12 - Cal Church
Chapter 2 - Morning Sickness Chapter 13 - Finch Pride
Chapter 3 - Afternoon Show Chapter 14 - Dill Flee
Chapter 4 - Vacation Drama Chapter 15 - Cunningham Encounter
Chapter 5 - Tweet Radley Chapter 16 - The Courthouse
Chapter 6 - Peep Talk Chapter 17 - Tate-Bob Witness
Chapter 7 - Thank Cement Chapter 18 - Mayella Witness
Chapter 8 - Tundra Blaze Chapter 19 - Tom Witness
Chapter 9 - Landing Tussle Chapter 20 - Closing Remarks
Chapter 10 - Dead Shot Chapter 21 - The Verdict
Chapter 11 - Dubose Deadly Chapter 22 - Tears of Injustice
Chapter 23 - Gender-Class-Race Divide
Chapter 24 - Missionary Tea Hypocrisy
Chapter 25 - Maycomb Tribune
Chapter 26 - Grace Double Standards
Chapter 27 - Back to Normal
Chapter 28 - Bob Attack
Chapter 29 - Boo Save
Chapter 30 - Alternate Story
Chapter 31 - All is Well

Tuesday 6 December 2016

English Grammar Punctuation

Notes from Eats, Shoots& Leaves (Lynne Truss)
 
Traditionally punctuation made it easier to read text aloud or to signal a pause. This was especially useful for actors on stage. In modern usage, punctuation serves additional functions such as indicate emphasis, for syntactic reasons or to avoid ambiguity.

Every publication house follows different style guides for punctuation. Additionally, the British usage differ from the American one (e.g. usage of punctuation within quotation marks).

Apostrophe: possessive marker (e.g. Jack's, boy's, boys'), to indicate omission (e.g. summer of '69), indicate time or quantity (e.g. two month's notice), plurals of letters and words (e.g. f's, do's and don't's); no need to use for plurals or abbreviations (e.g. MPs and MLAs) or dates (e.g. 1980s)

Comma: for lists (e.g. Tom, Dick and Harry), for joining complete sentences, bracketing commas (instead of em-dash or parenthesis);

Semicolon and Colon: to indicate pause and emphasis

Exclamation mark, italics, quotation marks (single and double), brackets (round, square, curly, angle)

How to choose between single and double quotation mark?
How to choose among round bracket, em-dash and comma?

Hyphen: to combine words (e.g. pre-train), when a noun phrase acts as an adjective (e.g. state-of-the-art model), to split unfinished words at the end of a line, to avoid ambiguity (e.g. re-formed vs. reformed)
 
Punctuation Marks
  • Full stop 
    Alice met Bob.
  • Comma
    Alice gave Bob a pen, paper, and a pencil. 
    Alice, a student, met Bob.
  • Semicolon
    Alice gave Bob a paper; Bob took it reluctantly.
  • Colon
    Alice gave Bob a few items: a pen, a paper, and a pencil.
  • Question mark
    Did Alice meet Bob?
  • Exclamation mark
    Hurray, we won! Yipee!
  • Quotes
    ``Come,’' Alice told Bob.
  • Apostrophe denotes contraction and possession.
    it’s, Alice's, p’s, 7’s, 1990s, MPs
  • Hyphen
    Does your organization have a by-law?
  • Dash denotes comment
    Alice will not come - I hope so.
  • Parentheses denotes supplementary information.
    Alice (a student) met Bob.
 
Character
Code Point
Name
Purpose
u2010
Hyphen
To represent compound terms
u2014
Em dash
In place of commas, parentheses
(use em dash sparingly and instead use the alternatives)
u2013
En dash
To denote ranges
u2212
Minus
To represent subtraction
-
u002D
Hyphen-minus
ASCII hyphen